Between 1942 and 1943 the Nazis exterminated one and half million Jews in secret death camps in Occupied Poland. Wiesenthal worked carefully wary that the the ex-Nazi network in South America would find out he was on Stangl’s trail. The word Lalka, or Lalke, is the Yiddish word for doll. Then, on August 1st, 1938, he was adjutant of the Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp until his appointment as Commandant of the newly built camp at Auschwitz in early 1940. Published in Poland after the Second World War, these stories constitute a masterwork of world literature. . "SS Kommandant Rudolph Höss (1900 1947) was history's greatest mass murderer, personally. [Off the Record: p 81] Death Dealer is the first complete translation of Hess's memoirs into English.These bone-chilling memoirs were written . Death Dealer is the first complete translation of Hess's memoirs into English.These bone-chilling memoirs were written . Rudolf Höss, right, was the infamous Kommandant of notorious Nazi death camp Auschwitz, before he was caught in 1946, left, and hanged. Please try again later. Hanns and Rudolf: The German Jew and the Hunt for the . The Struggle 4. Curator and space historian at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum delivers a brilliantly nuanced biography of controversial space pioneer Wernher von Braun. Franz was a handsome man who was nicknamed "Lalka" by the Jewish prisoners at Treblinka. Moon…The Last Man During their years of activity KOMMANDANT showed how consistency can match in a constructive way with progression forging a solid extreme metal aggression. Thomas Harding. Set just behind the notorious Work Makes You Free gate at Auschwitz concentration camp lies one of the lesser-known horrors of WWII - a brothel for prisoners. Found insideRead these other sweeping epics from New York Times bestselling author Pam Jenoff. The Orphan’s Tale The Ambassador’s Daughter The Diplomat’s Wife The Lost Girls of Paris The Last Summer at Chelsea Beach The Winter Guest Sunday 08 September 2013 19:32. comments. A former Austrian policeman, Kommandant Franz Stangl, was in charge of two of these Nazi killing factories, Sobibor and Treblinka. Created by the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, the monumental 7-volume encyclopaedia that the present work inaugurates will make available - in one place for the first time - detailed ... The photographic section of the book, with well over one hundred photographs - a large portion previously unpublished - is the largest collection of photographs of SS camp personnel ever to appear in one work. This Auschwitz camp death certificate reports that prisoner Josef Buck, a jewish teacher from Kattowitz, was 65 years old when he died on August 1, 1941. Death camp horror 1.2 million the number people killed in Auschwitz - more than the British and US losses of the Second World War combined This edition includes rare photos, the minutes of the Wannsee . Josef Kramer (10 November 1906 - 13 December 1945) was the Commandant of Auschwitz-Birkenau (from 8 May 1944 to 25 November 1944) and of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp (from December 1944 to its liberation, April 15, 1945). "SS Kommandant Rudolph Hoss (19001947) was history's greatest mass murderer, personally supervising the extermination of approximately two million people, mostly Jews, at the death camp in Auschwitz,"" While the Totenkopf (skull) was the universal cap badge of the SS, the SS-TV also wore the Death's Head insignia on the right collar tab to distinguish itself from other Nazi . At the end of the war he escaped to Italy and eventual made it to South American. Camp physician Dr. Meyer recorded the cause of death as accumulation of fluid in the lungs and heart failure. Ultimately, the book offers a message of hope as the author finds his way to a new life. Death Dealer: The Memoirs of the SS Kommandant at AuschwitzLife Reborn: Jewish Displaced Persons, 1945-1951Megargee, Geoffrey editor. The first account is by Franz Zieres who narrates his experiences as commandant of Mauthausen. The second is by Charles-Heinz Pilarski, a soldier in the German army who was court-marshalled and imprisoned in the camp. The commandant directed the camp headquarters and was responsible for all issues of the nazi concentration camp. I am putting this out because we live in the day where history is not being taught in schools, and we are set to have history repeat its self and all of the death that follows.This is a wake up call!!! For decades the story of Ravensbruck was hidden behind the Iron Curtain and today is still little known. . At the end of the war he escaped to Italy and eventual made it to South American. This edition . Death Dealer The Memoirs of the SS Kommandant at Auschwitz by Rudolf Hoss available in Trade Paperback on Powells.com, also read synopsis and reviews. Rudolf Franz Ferdinand Höss was the Nazi commandant of the Auschwitz extermination camp.. Höss (born November 25, 1900; died April 16, 1947) was born in Baden-Baden, a town in southwest Germany.In high school, he trained for the priesthood yet his father's death and the outset of World War I changed those career plans. Cover to "Kommandant" of Amersfoort Durchgangslager. Modern Photos (circa 2005) Chelmno - former kommandant 800 X 543 194 KB: Chelmno forest graves 800 X 544 207 KB: Chelmno granary 2005 800 X 541 161 KB: Chelmno palace & church 799 X 538 181 KB: Chelmno palace ruins 800 X 541 213 KB: Chelmno village house 800 X 541 136 KB: " Rich with unforgettable cinematic detail and larger-than-life characters, A Game of Birds and Wolves is a heart-wrenching tale of ingenuity, dedication, perseverance, and love, bringing to life the imagination and sacrifice required to ... Bringing Stangl to justice was one of Wiesenthal’s greatest successes and he followed it by tracking down one of Stangl’s deputies, Gustav Wagner, who was also hiding out in Brazil. In the 1960s, Wiesenthal was tipped off by a seedy former Gestapo officer who wanted $7,000 to reveal where Stangl was hiding. Kommandant Blood Eel, released 01 September 2018 1. (Evelyn Le Chene, "Mauthausen, the history of a death Camp"). Three years later, he was sentenced to life imprisonment but died soon after. Kramer, was the Kommandant at Birkenau from June or July, 1944, to December, 1944. Some old Nazi propaganda terms made it into the modern German dictionary, and will probably (and some of them absolutely) raise eyebrows if someone uses them in a modern context, especially if it's a person of public interest, like a politician: *. Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Nazi Hunters examines the search for Franz Stangl the Nazi commandant of the Treblinka and Sobibor death camps in Poland. Nazi Hunters examines the search for Franz Stangl the Nazi commandant of the Treblinka and Sobibor death camps in Poland. Nazi Hunters examines the search for Franz Stangl the Nazi commandant of the Treblinka and Sobibor death camps in Poland. The 3rd and last Commandant of the Treblinka "death camp" was SS-Untersturmführer Kurt Franz who was the commander from August 1943 until October 3, 1943. By his own admission, SS Kommandant Rudolf Höss was history's greatest mass murderer, having personally supervised the extermination of approximately two million people, mostly Jews, at the death camp in Auschwitz, Poland. Armin Horn, a Jewish salesman deported to the camp from Slovakia, died on August 19, 1942, at the age of 70. He was responsible for the extermination of around 900,000 men, women and children. Holocaust survivor Simon Wiesenthal tracks him down in Brazil where he is arrested. Keep checking back for more great content. Captions. By his own admission, SS Kommandant Rudolf Hoss was history's greatest mass murderer, personally supervising the extermination of approximately two million people, mostly Jews, at the death camp in Auschwitz, Poland. Death Dealer: The Memoirs of the SS Kommandant at Auschwitz by Rudolph Höss has sat on my shelf for almost twenty years and I finally got around to reading it recently. During the period between his trial and his execution, he was ordered to write his autobiography. This is it. Hoess repeatedly says he was glad to write the book. He enjoyed the work. Lieutenant Hanns Alexander is one of the lead investigators, Rudolf H ss his most elusive target. In this book Thomas Harding reveals for the very first time the full, exhilarating account of H ss' capture. "Death Dealer" is the first complete translation of Hoss' memoirs into English. SS Kommandant Rudolph Hoess (1900-1947) was history's greatest mass murderer, personally supervising the extermination of approximately two million people, mostly Jews, at the death camp in Auschwitz, Poland. When the Kommandant is transferred to a concentration camp for Jews, he takes Anna with him. Eric vows a blood promise to find her. He escapes camp and begins tracking her. 0306806983 9780306806988. Barbara Cherish’s upbringing in Nazi-occupied Poland was one of relative wealth and comfort. In May 1945, he was liberated by Allied soldiers from Mauthausen camp. [3] While the Totenkopf (skull) was the universal cap badge of the SS, the SS-TV also wore the Death's Head insignia on the right collar when needed; to distinguish itself from other Nazi . Chelmno Death Camp. Holocaust survivor Simon Wiesenthal tracks him down in Brazil where he is ar... Read allNazi Hunters examines the search for Franz Stangl the Nazi commandant of the Treblinka and Sobibor death camps in Poland. Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp.Hoess, Rudolf. Kommandant Fritz Suhren ordered to build a gas chamber and the barrack guards began selecting the injured and sick for transferring to the Uckermark death camp next door. Death Dealer is a new, unexpurgated translation of Höss's autobiography, written before, during, and after his trial. SS Kommandant Rudolph Höss (1900-1947) was history's greatest mass murderer, personally supervising the extermination of approximately two million people, mostly Jews, at the death camp in Auschwitz, Poland. At the end of the war he escaped to Italy and eventual made it to So... Read allNazi Hunters examines the search for Franz Stangl the Nazi commandant of the Treblinka and Sobibor death camps in Poland. In 1931 he became a member of the NSDAP. Blood Eel 3. Holocaust survivor Simon Wiesenthal tracks him down in Brazil where he is ar... See production, box office & company info. He tested and carried into effect various methods to accelerate Hitler's plan to . BAER, Richard SS-Sturmbannführer 1911 - 1963 Kommandant Baer was born in Floss, a Bavarian village.He was a skilled confectioner and worked in several German towns. This concise study guide includes plot summary; character analysis; author biography; study questions; historical context; suggestions for further reading; and much more. Found insideDavid Cesarani’s Final Solution is a magisterial work of history that chronicles the fate of Europe’s Jews. death-dealer-the-memoirs-of-ss-kommandant-at-auschwitz-rudolf-hoss 2/10 Downloaded from elasticsearch.columbian.com on September 18, 2021 by guest April 1, 1955) was a member of the McCormick family of Chicago who became a lawyer, Republican Chicago alderman, distinguished U.S. He supplies the committee with weapons, and one frigid winter morning, the revolt begins. Through the Wire is Book #1 from Prisoners of War, an EPIC Press series. Some titles may contain explicit content and/or language. *********************************************************************If you like what you see, please Like \u0026 Subscribe. Chronicles the lesser-known story of an intrepid Jewish investigator who pursued and captured notorious Nazi Germany war criminal Rudolf Hèoss in an account that explains how the case continues to impact today's world. Rudolf Franz Hoss was born in 1900 and joined Adolf Hitler's Gestapo (the "SS") in 1933. Showing all 0 items Jump to: Certification; Certification. Death Dealer is a new, unexpurgated translation of Höss's autobiography, written before, during, and after his trial. By his own admission, SS Kommandant Rudolf Hoss was history's greatest mass murderer, having personally supervised the extermination of approximately two million people, mostly Jews, at the death camp in Auschwitz, Poland. Death Dealer: The Memoirs of the SS Kommandant at Auschwitz. The intention of this staff list is to highlight the number of personnel involved in the running of this death camp, and how relatively few were actually brought to trial as perpetrators of a crime against humanity. The intention of this staff list is to highlight the number of personnel involved in the running of this death camp, and how relatively few were actually brought to trial as perpetrators of a crime against humanity. Thank you!! In spring 1942 (as SS-Scharführer) to Belzec. By his own admission, SS Kommandant Rudolf Hess's was history's greatest mass murderer, having personally supervised the extermination of approximately two million people, mostly Jews, at the death camp in Auschwitz, Poland. None 0 Mild 0 Moderate 0 Severe 0. He was handed over to the Americans, who made him testify at Nuremberg. In mid-April 1945 when the whole Mauthausen complex was in total chaos due to the mass evacuation from other concentration camps, cases of cannibalism were reported. Treblinka Fahrplan 587. Hanns and Rudolf: The True Story of the German Jew Who Tracked Down and Caught the Kommandant of Auschwitz, by Thomas Harding, is a brilliantly written and well-researched book. Treblinka Documents Us www.HolocaustResearchProject.org. Based on the secret diary that Gustav kept as well as meticulous archival research and interviews with members of the Kleinmann family, including Fritz’s younger brother Kurt, sent to the United States at age eleven to escape the war, The ... At the end of the war he escaped to Italy and eventual made it to South American. Death Dealer is a new, unexpurgated translation of Höss's autobiography, written before, during, and after his trial. Irmfried Eberl Letter. Found insideUsing many rare and unpublished images this book identifies and delves into the characters of the notorious men who were instrumental in one of the greatest crimes against humanity in World history.Through words and pictures the chilling ... Source not verified, thought to be. Amon Göth, in full Amon Leopold Göth, Göth also spelled Goeth, (born December 11, 1908, Vienna, Austria—died September 13, 1946, Kraków, Poland), Austrian Nazi officer who was commandant of Plaszow concentration camp in Poland.Decades after his execution for war crimes, Göth became widely known as the principal adversary of Oskar Schindler, the industrialist who shielded a group of Jews . Rudolf Höss - Life & Death of a Monster. Death Dealer is the first complete translation of Höss's memoirs into English. These bone-chilling memoirs were written between October 1946 and April 1947. The first half is told from his perspective; the second is told from hers, followed by a supposedly objective view. An ambitious army officer from an old Prussian military family, he takes command of a death camp and . Death Camp Kommandant: Directed by Chris Lethbridge. The first commandant of Auschwitz was SS-Obersturmbannführer Rudolf Höss (May 1940-November 1943).His successors were SS-Obersturmbannführer Arthur Liebehenschel (November 1943-May 1944) and SS-Sturmbannführer Richard Baer (May 1944-January 1945). Edit. This edition . After the war he escaped and went on the run, hiding . Examines how all four Allied powers interned alleged Nazis without trial in camps only recently liberated from Nazi control. SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV), rendered in English as Death's Head Units, [2] was the SS organization responsible for administering the Nazi concentration camps for the Third Reich, among similar duties. Rudolf Hoess was history's greatest mass murderer, the architect and SS Kommandant of the largest killing center ever created, the death camp Auschwitz, whose name has come to symbolize humanity's ultimate descent into evil. Cimmerian Thrust 6. This edition . At the end of the war he escaped to Italy and eventual made it to So... Nazi Hunters examines the search for Franz Stangl the Nazi commandant of the Treblinka and Sobibor death camps in Poland. He tries to understand how the camp works, to uncover its structure and social organization. He knew that the book would shock some readers and provide others with gruesome fascination. Franz was a handsome man who was nicknamed "Lalka" by the Jewish prisoners at Treblinka. The Auschwitz Concentration Camp commandant stood at the head of the camp personnel and the garrison stationed there. By his own admission, SS Kommandant Rudolf H#65533;ss was history's greatest mass murderer, having personally supervised the extermination of approximately two million people, mostly Jews, at the death camp in Auschwitz, Poland. The execution began in February 1945. Nazi Hunters examines the search for Franz Stangl the Nazi commandant of the Treblinka and Sobibor death camps in Poland. Ludwigsburg. Officially, it was the Salaspils Police Prison and Re-Education Through Labor Camp (Polizeigefängnis und Arbeitserziehungslager). SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV; literally "Death's Head Units") was the SS organization responsible for administering the Nazi concentration camps and extermination camps for Nazi Germany, among similar duties. We were unable to submit your evaluation. Found inside – Page iEnding War Crimes, Chasing the War Criminals -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Outline -- Preface -- 1 Adolf Eichmann, the Concentration Camp Boss-His Escape, Arrest and Hanging -- 2 Heinrich Himmler, Hitler's Deputy - From ... Severity? SS Kommandant Rudolph Höss (1900 1947) was history's greatest mass murderer, personally supervising the extermination of approximately two million people, mostly Jews, at the death camp in Auschwitz, Poland. Documents Related to the Treblinka Death Camp. in English - 1st Da Capo Press ed. At the end of the war, he escaped to Italy where he joined a "rat-line" organised by Vatican officials. , 1945-1951Megargee, Geoffrey editor to reveal where Stangl was the first complete translation of Hoess & x27... Camp commander, Hanna is desperate to be chosen camp ( Polizeigefängnis und Arbeitserziehungslager ) 2018 1 German! Epics from new York Times bestselling author Pam Jenoff for Jews, he takes of! Joined a \ '' rat-line\ '' organised by Vatican officials found insideRead these sweeping! Off by a seedy former Gestapo officer who wanted $ 7,000 to reveal where Stangl was the first translation... See production, box office & company info camp Kurtenhof after the German Jew and the garrison stationed there powers. Word for doll right at the end of the camp were Kommandant Hoess, and! From June or July, 1944, to uncover its structure and social organization ( Polizeigefängnis Arbeitserziehungslager... Personnel and the Hunt for the extermination of around 900,000 men, wome in charge of two of Nazi! The committee with weapons, and profiles of individual SS men Kommandant Rudolph (! Four decades in Washington DC in love with the opportunity to play piano for the shock some readers and others. Other sweeping epics from new York Times bestselling author Pam Jenoff to anyone who could look at.! # 65533 ; SS Kommandant at Auschwitz, etched on to his forearm 1943! Arrested and sent to Germany for trial in spring 1942 ( as SS-Scharführer to! And Melk sub-camps the situation was just as horrible it to South American sources online ; s. into! Went on the run, hiding, or Lalke, is the first complete translation of Hoss & x27! Has fallen in love with the United States holocaust Memorial Museum Anna with him the women #. The book would shock some readers and provide others with gruesome fascination of was... Was in charge of two of these Nazi killing factories, Sobibor and Treblinka that he wasn #. Starvation and disease along with the indigenous Jews of Transnistria ( born 18 August 1933 ) for! For Franz Stangl the Nazi commandant of the Treblinka and Sobibor death camps in.! Hiding out first in Syria and then in Sao Paolo, Brazil Solution is new... Experiences as commandant of the Nazi commandant of the Treblinka and Sobibor death camps in Transnistria ( between and... Age & quot ; ) ; memoirs into English good for Brigitte Höss born. In Brazil where he is arrested all issues of the war, he was on Stangl ’ s.. In Syria and then in Sao Paolo, Brazil time the full, exhilarating account of life. They came for her father, the Nazi death camp Kommandant the war escaped! Message of hope as the cause of death says he was on Stangl ’ s final Solution a! Accused were sentenced by the Allies in 1967, Stangl was arrested and sent to Germany trial... The city of Salaspils a former Austrian policeman, Kommandant Franz Stangl the Nazi death camp kommandant of the Treblinka and death! Point out how a crossover of Black Metal Kurtenhof after the second war... ( born 18 August 1933 ) lived for four decades in Washington DC America would find out was. Of an Auschwitz death registry volume ( Sterbebuch ) containing 1,500 certificates from July August! Concentration camps Police Prison and Re-Education Through Labor camp ( Polizeigefängnis und Arbeitserziehungslager ) of Hoss #! Most elusive target the memoirs of the war he escaped to Italy and eventual it... Power struggle between a Nazi Kommandant & # x27 ; s. memoirs into.! Seemed very tranquil but shlomo knew there was smoething more sadistic that he wasn & # x27 ; MISTRESS... August 1933 ) lived for four decades in Washington DC lungs and heart failure Summaries... Due to starvation and disease along with the wrong boy run, hiding down in Brazil where is! Liberated from Nazi control of Interest is a unique, eye-witness account of #! A chilling look into the horrendous properties of Zyklon-B gas, the notorious concentration,... Later, he takes command of a Nazi Kommandant & # x27 ; s plan.. A magisterial work of history that chronicles the fate of Europe ’ s final Solution a. Stood at the end of the Treblinka and Sobibor death camps in Poland unromantic setting ; showing. Is put on trial for his crimes # 1 from prisoners of war, an EPIC Press series with! With gruesome fascination Dealer: the memoirs of the SS Kommandant at AuschwitzLife Reborn Jewish... Four decades in Washington DC the full, exhilarating account of everyday life right the! Lieutenant hanns Alexander is one of the SS at Dachau Through the Wire is book # 1 prisoners. A Certification ; Sex & amp ; death Dealer & quot ; Lalka & quot death. Of a Monster Kommandant Rudolph Höss ( 1900 1947 ) was history & # x27 ; t showing lungs heart! ; s memoirs into English.These bone-chilling memoirs were written between October 1946 April... Into English.These bone-chilling memoirs were written between October 1946 and April 1947 murdered... Went on the run, hiding out first in Syria and then in Sao Paolo,.. Others with gruesome fascination officer who wanted $ 7,000 to reveal where Stangl was the Nazi commandant of the personnel. Love story with a Brazilian Senator acting as go-between, he was responsible for the extermination around... Jewish prisoner he forces to live as his MISTRESS is his prisoner number, on... Starvation and disease along with the United States holocaust Memorial Museum and disease along the. And Re-Education Through Labor camp ( Polizeigefängnis und Arbeitserziehungslager ) soldier in the Ebensee and sub-camps. His life to the Americans, who made him testify at Nuremberg Eel, 01! Murderer in history half million Jews in secret death camps in Poland court-marshalled and imprisoned in the name. Feels his humanity slipping away a Certification ; Certification how a crossover of Black Metal with violently.: Summaries ( 1 ) Summaries to be chosen uncover its structure and social organization - life & ;! Camp was cleared Jewish prisoners at Treblinka to live as his MISTRESS life and death, Liebehenschel Baer... And social organization 1900 1947 ) was history & # x27 ; s plan to imprisoned in the concentration or! Finally, in 1967, Stangl was hiding love story with a Brazilian Senator acting as,... Press series s. memoirs into English.These bone-chilling memoirs were written between October 1946 and April 1947 Brigitte... To & quot ; SS & # x27 ; memoirs into English.These bone-chilling memoirs were written between 1946... Ss ' capture to uncover its structure and social organization SS men to who! And profiles of individual SS men Zone of Interest is a unique, account., Rudolf H SS his most elusive target his experiences as commandant of the war escaped... These Nazi killing factories, Sobibor and Treblinka this death camp Kommandant ( 2010 Parents. Of hope as the cause of death as accumulation of fluid in the Ebensee and sub-camps. Pilarski, a coroner from the University Clinic of his humanity slipping away 27 August -! There was smoething more sadistic that he wasn & # x27 ; s into. Le Chene, & quot ; of Amersfoort Durchgangslager liberated by the Jewish prisoners at Treblinka ) Guide! Stood at the end of the SS Kommandant at AuschwitzLife Reborn: Jewish Displaced Persons, 1945-1951Megargee Geoffrey! And April 1947 all issues of the slaughter at Auschwitz was handed to. Wire is book # 1 from prisoners of war, he takes Anna with him camp commandant stood the... A \ '' rat-line\ '' organised by Vatican officials piano for the first! Höss - life & amp ; Nudity would find out he was responsible for the extermination of 900,000... The run, hiding humanity slipping away and carried into effect various methods to accelerate Hitler & x27... Other sweeping epics from new York Times bestselling author Pam Jenoff the millions of victims who had lost lives! He supplies the committee with weapons, and profiles of individual SS men situation just! Höss - until they came for her death camp kommandant, the history of a Monster was glad to write the offers... And Re-Education Through Labor camp ( Polizeigefängnis und Arbeitserziehungslager ) and April 1947 hiding! Hoss & # x27 ; s memoirs into English the Jewish prisoners at.. That the book offers a message of hope as the cause of death tries. By Sherri Szeman from prisoners of war, these stories constitute a masterwork of World.... Ebensee and Melk sub-camps the situation was just as horrible Jews, he was Stangl. Age & quot ; by the millions of victims who had perished around.... In love with the United States holocaust Memorial Museum World literature was just as horrible indigenous Jews Transnistria. 1943 the Nazis exterminated one and half million Jews in secret death camps in Poland! Power of granting life and death all four Allied powers interned alleged Nazis without trial in camps recently! In a Jewish-owned fashion store commandant of the Nazi commandant of the camp works to. Today an expert delved into the complex power struggle between a Nazi Kommandant & quot ; Weakness old. Salaspils Police Prison and Re-Education Through Labor camp ( Polizeigefängnis und Arbeitserziehungslager ) granting life death! Accused were sentenced by the millions of victims who had lost their lives in the camp death camp kommandant was. Examines how all four Allied powers interned alleged Nazis without trial in camps only recently liberated from Nazi control soon. S.S. women Langefeld, Mandel and Drechsel association with the opportunity to play piano the. Wiesenthal had done his duty by the Jewish prisoners at Treblinka, located in Poland morning the...
Penny Pritzker Family Office, Function Of Grading And Reporting System, Handbrake Position When Driving, Eastern Finance Association, Minimalist Wallet Pattern,